pop in first aid learning
Basic Life Support (aka CPR)
Danger
Look out for risks, and don't take any action that will increase the risk of injury to yourself or your child. e.g. Be aware of traffic, remove your child from the water if they are drowning
Responsive? Voice and Touch
Check if they are responsive. Yell their name loudly and firmly pat their chest or bottom of their feet
Send for Help
ALWAYS CALL AN AMBULANCE FOR ANYONE UNRESPONSIVE
Airway Clear and Open?
Clear their mouth, put airway in the open position - the position depends on the child's age
Breathing normally?
Look, listen and feel for normal breathing
Start CPR
Start with 30 compressions then give 2 breaths
Baby CPR (newborn to 1 years old)
Opening the Airway
Keep the head neutral — don't tilt back like an adult. Support the jaw at the chin, mouth open, no pressure on the throat. Only a very slight tilt back if needed.
Don't lift their chin up too far - have the tip of their nose pointing towards the sky
Compressions
- Two fingers, centre of the chest, just below the nipple line.
- Push down about a third of the chest's depth.
- 30 compressions, fast and hard — 100–120/min (or sing row row your boat twice)
- If your two fingers get tired move to one hand
Let the chest fully recoil between each one.
Breaths
- Seal your mouth over baby's mouth AND nose.
- If you can't cover their nose and mouth - Pinch their nose and make a seal
- around their mouth with your lips
- 2 gentle breaths, just enough to see the chest rise.
Small, gentle breaths - about the volume you can fit into your cheeks
Child CPR (1 - 8 years old)
Opening the Airway
- Tilt the head back and lift the chin — same as you would for an adult.
place your fingers from one hand on their chin and the palm of your other hand on their forehead
Compressions
- 1 hand in the middle of their chest.
- If it's too hard with one hand use two
- Compressions are HARD, about a third of the chest's depth
- They are faster then you think 100-120 pushes per minute (just under 2 pushes per second)
Let the chest fully recoil between each one.
Breaths
- Pinch their nose and cover their mouth with your mouth.
- Give 2 breaths, just enough to see the
chest rise, then go straight back to compressions.
Make sure their airway is open before you give your breaths
Signs of Choking
Choking means there is something blocking the airway. There are 2 types of choking events
Effective or Loud Cough
There is a blockage but your child can likely get it out by coughing
What to do
- Sit them up
- Encourage them to cough
Non-Effective Cough
They have a quiet or silent cough. They may look panicked. They need help to clear the item.
What to do
- Send for help
- Give up to 5 back blows
- Give up to 5 chest thrusts
- repeat until the item clears
Baby Choking First Aid
Send for help
Call an ambulance. If there is someone else around have them call while you start choking first aid
Can't find your phone and you are alone? Take your baby to the road and yell for help
5 Back Blows
- Support their head and neck
- Position in downwards position over lap or forearm
- Use the heel of your hand between their shoulder blades
- Check each time if the item has cleared
Place them over your lap until they are too big (around 18-24 months old)
5 Chest Trusts
- Turn them face-up, still supported along your arm or lap
- Keep their head lower than their body
- Place two fingers in the middle of their chest and push down short and sharp
- Check each time to see if the item has cleared
If it's too hard with 2 fingers use one hand
Frequently Asked Questions
Have a question about CPR or choking? You might find it here
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